Introduction: Noun

• The name of a person, animal, place or a thing is called Noun.
• Name of person not only includes names like Rohit, Adrija, Subhendu, etc. but also the words like teachers, doctors, engineers which describes the identification of particular person.
• Name of animals like lion, tigers, elephants, etc. are all nouns. 
• Name of place includes names of cities, towns, states and countries, restaurants, famous monument, etc. 
• Similarly name of things like table, chair, rocket, television, tablet, phone, etc. are also noun. 

Consider the following example:

1. Rama is going to visit Agra 
   In this example Rama is a noun as it is name of person, similiarly Agra is noun as it is name of place
   
   
2. Dr Sinha is a professor at Delhi College 
   In this example Dr Sinha is name of Person, Professor is name of profession ans Delhi College is name of place
   
   
3. Piyu loves animals.   
   In this example animal is a noun because it represents an identity of a particular class of organisms.
   
   
4. We went to Juhu Beach this Sunday. 
   Here Juhu Beach is name of place and Sunday is specific day of the week

Noun can be categorized into following types:

Proper Noun-

• The name of particular person, place or thing.
• The first alphabet of a proper noun is always capital. 

For example, Shanaya, Taj Mahal, table, Chair, Umbrella, London Bridge, etc.

1. Chemistry is an interesting subject. 
   Here Chemistry is name of subject and thus is proper noun
   
    
2. Rama is going to visit Agra 
   In this example Rama & Agra are proper noun
   
   
3. Dr Sinha is a professor at Delhi College 
   In this example Dr Sinha and Delhi College are proper noun. Note that Professor is not Proper Noun
   
   
4. Piyu loves animals.  
   In this example animal is proper noun but animal is not proper noun
   
   
5. We went to Juhu Beach this Sunday. 
   Here Juhu Beach and Sunday is proper noun. 

 Common Noun-

• The name given to person, place, animal or thing in common belonging to the same class
• A common noun can be preceded by the definite articles (a, the). 

For example, Girls, boys, men, Women, City, etc. 

1. Shanaya is a clever girl. 
   In the above example, ‘Shanaya’ is the name of a particular person. Hence, it is a proper noun. But ‘girl’ is the common name for all females. Therefore, it is a common noun.
   
   
2. We went to Juhu Beach this Sunday 
   In the above example, ‘Juhu’ is the name of a beach and hence it is a proper noun but the word ‘beach’ is used for all beaches present on earth. Therefore, it is a common noun.  Sunday is the name of specific day of the week so it is a proper noun.
   
   
3. This pencil belongs Zohar. 
   In this example, ‘pencil’ is a general thing used by us to write. Therefore, it is a common noun as well. In this example, ‘Zohar’ is the name of a girl. Therefore, it is a proper noun.

 Collective Noun-

• The name used to represent a group or collection of persons or things taken together as a whole. 

For example, crowd, bunch, parliament, etc.

1. The audience cheered up the performer. 
   Here the word audience represents a group of people. Therefore, it is a collective noun.  
   A bouquet of flowers. 
   A flock of sheep.
   A herd of cattle.
   
   
2. A family that eats together stays together.
   A family is always composed of many people. Therefore, the word family is a collective noun. 
   
   
3. The army protects the country.
   The term army again represents a group of people who safeguards a country. Therefore, army is a collective noun. 

Abstract Noun-

• The nouns that represent ideas, quality or state of something. 
• These do not exist physically but still we can feel their existence.

For example:

• Strength, honesty, wisdom, etc represents quality.
• Childhood, youth, old, poverty, etc. are state. 
• Love, hatred, etc. are all actions.
• All of these examples represent some quality or state or ideas that cannot be seen or touched physically but can only be felt.

1. They can be framed from either common nouns or verbs or adjectives.
   For example, a parent is a common noun because it represents all the mothers and fathers in common.
   The term parent can be used as parenthood which means the state of being a parent and the pursuing the responsibilities associated with it. The term parenthood is an abstract noun.
   
    
2. Again the word patriot represents a group of people who support their country and are always ready to fight for its welfare. This word when used as patriotism becomes a abstract noun which means the feelings of the patriots.
   
   
3. Now let us consider some examples of verbs turned into abstract nouns. Consider the word This word when used as sight becomes an abstract noun.
   
   
4. Similarly true is an adjective but when used as truth it becomes an abstract noun.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns-

• The names of person or things that can be counted are called countable nouns. 

For example:

• pen, paper, table, chairs, etc. are all countable nouns because they can be physically counted.

1. The names of person or things that cannot be counted are called uncountable nouns.
   
   
2. Most of the abstract nouns are uncountable nouns. For example, things like sugar, salt, air, water, milk, hair, rice, pulses, etc. are all uncountable noun because they can never be counted.