English Chapter – 4 : Verb - Rife Consultancy

Introduction: Verb

A Verb is a word that describes actions or a state of being.
Verbs are words that give the idea of action, of doing; something.
Example: words like run, fight, do and work, all convey action.
But some verbs do not give the idea of action; they give the idea of existence, of state, of ‘being’
Example- “am”, “is”, “was”, “were”, “will”, “be”, “being” are some verbs of being.
In other words, a state-of-being verb identifies who or what a noun is, was, or will be.
They modify according to the subject in the sentence.

Example:
Aditya is a student.
Shruti is a hard-worker.
Prasanna was always an early-riser.

An action verb is a verb that expresses physical or mental action. The action verb tells us what the subject of our clause or sentence is doing-physically or mentally.

Example:
Josan walked to school.
Alina wants a doll house for her birthday.
Will you help me with my chores?

TRANSITIVE VERBS	INTRANSETIVE VERBS
A Transitive Verb is a Verb that denotes an action which passes over from the doer or Subject to an object. Example: 1. John likes apples. 2. My sister cooks all our meals.	An Intransitive Verb is a Verb that denotes an action which does not pass over to an object, or which expresses a state or being. Example: 1. He ran a long distance.(Action) 2. There is a flaw in this diamond.(Being) 3. The baby sleeps.(State)

Subject is singular- “S” added to the verb in present tense.

Example: She reads. He prays.

If subject is more than one, only verb from in the present tense.

Example: They read. They swim.

Past tense- “was” used for singular subject and “were” for plural subjects.
SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT

Example: She was reading. They were reading.

REGULAR VERBS	IRREGULAR VERBS
To from the past tense and the past participle of regular verbs. add -ed. Example: I walked to the store. accept-accepted-will accept	A verb in which the past tense is not formed by adding the usual -ed ending. Example: Awake-awoke-awoken Drink-drank-drunk

Simple Tense	Progressive Tense	Perfect Tense
(when a specific period of time is referred.) Past- Example: I ate. Present- Example: I eat. Future- Example: I will eat.	(when reference to action that is “progressing”.) Past- Example: I was eating. Present- Example: I am eating. Future- Example: I will be eating.	(when reference to action that is continuing over time.) Past- Example: I had eaten. Present- Example: I have eaten. Future- Example: I will eat.

Auxiliary Verbs = “helping verbs”
Auxiliary verbs are verbs that are used before the main verb of the sentence to express the Action and the state.
The three most common auxiliary verbs are: be, do and have
The three most common auxiliary verbs are: be, do and have

Example:

Do / does / did-

Do is common for forming questions and making negatives.
Did is used for do and does in the past tense. Do and does is never used for the past.

Example:

Be = am / is / are-

Be can be used as an auxiliary verb or the main verb in a sentence.
Be is also used to make passives.
Is tells us that an action is happening now or is going to happen in the future.
Are is used with they and we. (eg: They are excited)
Was is used as the past tense of am and is.
Were is used as the past tense of you, we and they.

Have = has/had-

Have is used to make the present perfect tense (it is always followed by the past participle).

Example: I have a dog.

Example: He has lived in London.

A modal verb is a type of verb that is used with other verbs to indicate obligation, ability, permission, request, capacity, suggestions, order, or advice.
Modal verbs modify the main verb.

Example:

Function	Modal Aux. Verb	Negative
Ability/permission	Can	Cannot
Past ability/permission	Could	Could not
Possibility/Permission/Request	May	May not
Necessity	Need	Need not