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English Chapter – 9 : Preposition

12 August, 2024

Preposition

Introduction: Preposition

  • Prepositions are short words that are normally placed either before or after a Noun to indicate the location or position of a Noun.
  • It shows the relation of a Noun/Pronoun to something else (Noun/Verb/adverb).

For Example:

  • The bird is on the tree. (Relation between two Nouns), In this example the Preposition, “on” is showing the relation between the two Nouns bird and tree.
  • “The dog is sitting on the table.” (Relation between a Verb and a Noun), Here the word, “on” is a Preposition because it describes the position of the “dog” who is sitting on a “table”. It is showing the relation between the dog and the table and at the same time it is showing the relation between a Verb (sitting) and a Noun (table).
  • “The dog is sitting under the table.”
  • He is climbing upthe staircase. (Relation between a Verb and a Noun).
  • The girls were dressed in red.

Types of Prepositions

Simple Preposition

  • It involve the following words: In, on, at, about, over, under, off, of, for, to, by, from, up, till, out, with , through, etc.

For Example:

  • He sat “on” the chair.
  • She jumped “off” the chair.
  • The dos was sitting under the table.

Compound Preposition

  • Compound Prepositions are the Prepositions formed by prefixing the Preposition to a Noun, an Adjective or an Adverb.
  • Compound Prepositions involve the following words- Without (with + out), within (with + in), inside (in + side), outside (out + side), into (in + to), below (be + low), behind (be + hind), between, along, around, across, beyond, about, etc.
  • Distribute the chocolates “among” your friends.
  • She was standing “behind” the books. 
  • The dog is sitting “beside” the chair.
  • There is nothing “inside” the basket.
  • She swimmed “across” the river.

Participle Preposition

  • Participle Prepositions are the present participles of Verbs that behave like Prepositions.
  • These Prepositions are formed by suffixing a Verb with -ed or –ing.
  • Participle Prepositions involve the following words- Assuming, barring, considering, during, given, notwithstanding, provided, regarding, and respected.

For Example:

  • Regarding your queries, please consult the respective department ;I am not getting any other reference  concerning this topic.

Phrase Preposition

  • Phrase Prepositions are group of words that behave like Prepositions.
  • Phrase Prepositions involve the following phrases:
    On behalf of, instead of, because of, by means of, with regard to, on behalf of, instead of, on account of, in opposition to, for the sake of etc.

For Example:

  • You should study “instead of” wasting time watching T.V.
  • You should stay “away from” strangers.

Adverb vs Preposition

  • Many a time same words are used as Prepositions and sometimes as Adverbs as well.
ADVERBPREPOSITION
Words used as Adverbs do not contain objects and are used to modify a Verb, Adjective or an Adverb.Word used as a Preposition involves a Noun or Pronoun as its object
Please come “in”. (In – Adverb; no object)I have kept the shoes neatly “in” a cupboard. (In – Preposition; cupboard – object)
I have met her “before”. (Before – Adverb; no object)She stood “before” me. (Before – Preposition; object – me)
Let’s move “on”. (On – Adverb; no object)The dog is sitting “on” the table. (On – Preposition; object – the table)

Object of Preposition

  • The words that come after the Preposition are act as object to the Preposition.

For Example:

  • The bird is “on” the tree. The object for a Preposition could be a Noun, pronoun, clause or an Adverb.
  • Example of Noun as an object of Preposition:
  1. The book is “on” the table.
  2. The cat was sitting “under” the bed.
  • Example of Pronoun as an object of Preposition:
  1. The professor looked “at” him angrily.     
  2. He is sitting “in” the room.
  • Clause is refers to a group of words having some meaning. It also has a subject and a predicate. Example of clause as an object of Preposition:
  1. There is no use of paying attention “to” what she did.
  2. You should be shameful “for” what you did.
  • Example of Adverbs as an object of Preposition:
  1. She must have met him “by”
  2. Your negligence is going “to” pay you one day.

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